【问题】 CrocodilestodaylookverysimilartoonesfromtheJurassicperiodsome200millionyearsago.Therearealsoveryfewspeciesalivetoday-just25.Otheranimalssuchaslizardsandbirdshaveachievedadiversityofmanythousandsofspeciesinthesameamountoftimeorless. Innewresearch,published

CrocodilestodaylookverysimilartoonesfromtheJurassicperiodsome200millionyearsago.Therearealsoveryfewspeciesalivetoday-just25.Otheranimalssuchaslizardsandbirdshaveachievedadiversityofmanythousandsofspeciesinthesameamountoftimeorless. Innewresearch,publishedtodayinthejournalCommunicationsBiology,scientistsexplainhowcrocodilesfollowapatternofevolutionknownas"punctuatedequilibrium(间断平衡论)".Therateoftheirevolutionisgenerallyslow,butoccasionallytheyevolvemorequicklybecausetheenvironmenthaschanged.Inparticular,thisnewresearchsuggeststhattheirevolutionspeedsupwhentheclimateiswarmer,andthattheirbodysizeincreases. "Ouranalysisusedamachinelearningalgorithm(机器学习算法)toestimateratesofevolution,"saidleadauthorDr.MaxStockdalefromtheUniversityofBristol'sSchoolofGeographicalSciences."Evolutionaryrateistheamountofchangethathastakenplaceoveragivenamountoftime,whichwecanworkoutbycomparingmeasurementsfromfossilsandtakingintoaccounthowoldtheyare.Forourstudywemeasuredbodysize,whichisimportantbecauseitinteractswithhowfastanimalsgrow,howmuchfoodtheyneed,howbigtheirpopulationsareandhowlikelytheyaretobecomeextinct." Thefindingsshowthatthelimiteddiversityofcrocodilesandtheirapparentlackofevolutionisaresultofaslowevolutionaryrate.Itseemsthecrocodilesarrivedatabodyplanthatwasveryefficientandversatile(多功能的)enoughthattheydidn'tneedtochangeitinordertosurvive.ThisversatilitycouldbeoneexplanationwhycrocodilessurvivedthemeteorimpactattheendoftheCretaceousperiod,inwhichthedinosaursperished. Crocodilesgenerallythrivebetterinwarmconditionsbecausetheycannotcontroltheirbodytemperatureandrequirewarmthfromtheenvironment.Theclimateduringtheageofdinosaurswaswarmerthanitistoday,andthatmayexplainwhythereweremanymorevarietiesofcrocodilethanweseenow.Beingabletodrawenergyfromthesunmeanstheydonotneedtoeatasmuchasawarm-bloodedanimallikeabirdoramammal. "Itisfascinatingtoseehowintricatearelationshipexistsbetweentheearthandthelivingthingsweshareitwith,"Dr.Stockdaleadded."Thecrocodileslandeduponalifestylethatwasversatileenoughtoadapttotheenormousenvironmentalchangesthathavetakenplacesincethedinosaurswerearound."(1)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothenewresearch?______A.Thereareover25differentspeciesofcrocodilesalive.B.Withthechangeoftheenvironment,theevolutionofcrocodilesisfaster.C.Crocodiles'bodysizesneverchange.D.Effectsofclimatecausetheincreaseofcrocodiles'species.(2)Whydoestheauthoranalyzethedataacquiredfromfossilofcrocodiles?______A.Theycanworkoutthespeedofcrocodiles'evolution.B.Theycanknowcrocodiles'numbersinthepast.C.Theycanpredictthetransformationincrocodiles'appearance.D.Theycangetaclearideaofcrocodiles'habitatchanges.(3)What'sthefunctionofcrocodiles'bodystructure?______A.Controllingtheirbodytemperature.B.Preventingenemies'attacks.C.Enablingthemtoevolveataslowerrate.D.Ensuringthediversityoftheirspecies.(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thrive"inparagraph5probablymean?______A.competeB.feedC.behaveD.grow

正确答案:(1)B. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The rate of their evolution is generally slow, but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In partic

题目解析:

本文是一篇说明文。在侏罗纪时期,恐龙因为不能适应环境的改变而灭绝了,但鳄鱼这- - 物种凭借目身多功能的构造适应了环境的变化,存活到如今,因此其进化率也很低。

点评:

1.直接信息题:
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2.间接信息题:
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3.综合信息题:
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章取义。